What PDF to PDF/A conversion does, and what 2b means
PDF/A is a version of PDF made for archiving, published as the ISO 19005 standard. A PDF/A file must contain everything needed to display it: fonts, color information and images. Anything that could change or break over time, such as scripts or links to outside content, is not allowed.
The standard has several parts and levels:
- Part 1, 2 and 3 are built on different PDF versions. Part 2 allows newer features such as transparency and layers.
- Level b (basic) guarantees that the pages look the same when displayed. Levels a and u add rules for tagged structure and Unicode text.
FileKiwi creates PDF/A 2b, a widely used combination for everyday archiving.
Who asks for PDF/A documents
PDF/A requests usually come from places that keep records for a long time:
- Courts and law offices that use electronic filing.
- Government portals for permits, tenders and company records.
- Universities collecting theses and dissertations.
- Libraries, archives and companies storing contracts and invoices.
Read the instructions carefully. If a portal names a different part or level, such as PDF/A 1b or PDF/A 3, ask them whether PDF/A 2b is accepted, because FileKiwi creates only 2b.
Validation and a good order of work
Ghostscript writes PDF/A files but is not a formal validator. When a portal is strict, check the result with a validator such as veraPDF, which is free. If the portal rejects the file anyway, its error message usually names the rule that failed.
Finish other edits first. Join documents with Merge PDF or shrink them with Compress PDF, then convert to PDF/A last, because changing a PDF/A file later can break its compliance. A file with an open password must go through Unlock PDF first.